Photos courtesy of Harry Ward
We’ve looked recently at water taps with meters built in, the thinking being the ’speedometer’ approach to shaping users’ behaviour – making users aware of the scale/rate/level of some activity should cause them to adjust that behaviour.
A number of projects and initiatives also apply this approach to electricity use – one of the most explicitly ‘designerly’ being Wattson – but there are a variety of different approaches, a handful of which I’ve reviewed here.
Harry Ward: Orb Energy Monitor
Recent design graduate Harry Ward’s Orb energy monitor (above and below) is especially attractive: a toroidal inductor is clipped around the cable being measured, and transmits data wirelessly to the Orb itself, a hand-held unit which glows different colours depending on the power being drawn.
The display on the Orb could show the user the direct electricity cost and CO2 emissions equivalent, as well as the actual power being used and cumulative energy (kWh) used over a period. Harry has applied for patents and is looking to license the design in order to get the Orb into production.
UPDATE (27.vii): The Orb Energy Monitor website is now online with more information, images and contact details.
Images courtesy of Harry Ward
Ambient Devices: Energy Joule
The Energy Joule / Home Joule from Ambient Devices of New York (found via Michael Jefferson’s blog) shares some similarities with Harry’s Orb, but addresses a different problem: demand response, rather than actual consumption reduction.
The Energy Joule is designed to remain in situ, plugged into a wall socket, and it glows different colours (red, yellow, green) according to the price of electricity at the time – the idea being to encourage users to shift discretionary electricity use to times when there is less demand, and help the electricity generators balance their loads (an increasing problem), in return for ‘rewards’. As part of a wireless network (the Ambient Infocast Network – this is getting closer to everyware), the unit also displays other information such as temperature, weather forecast, and so on – and it’s the community’s electricity usage which is generally intended to be displayed, rather than the individual user’s.
Image from Ambient Devices’ website
(Ambient Devices also have a product called the Energy Orb – no relation to Harry’s product above – a version of their general Orb specifically locked-in to displaying the same electricity price/demand level as the Energy Joule.)
Gustafsson & Gyllenswärd: Power Aware Cord
Stemming originally from the Static! project at Sweden’s Interactive Institute, the Power Aware Cord by Anton Gustafsson and Magnus Gyllenswärd, is illuminated proportionally to the power being drawn:
Take the use of an everyday iron. A microprocessor within the Power Aware Cord immediately detects and converts the amount of energy used to power the appliance into a phosphorous thread that glows. The modern blue light intensifies and diminishes relative to energy flow. Increase the temperature of the iron and the cable will instantly glow brighter.
The versatile cord can be built-in or connected to the modern electrical appliance both directly or in distribution board format. Turn the appliance on and the flow of energy lights up the cord with a decorative glow.
This is an interesting approach: it allows users to be immediately aware of the devices which are consuming power, perhaps on standby, and is visually distinctive enough to make it difficult to ignore. As with all these products, extra energy is used to power the monitoring and display (lighting, etc), but this amount is small compared with the amount that may be saved if users do adjust their behaviour significantly.
Images from Power Aware Cord website
Kieva Mussington: Energy Monitor Switch
Kieva Mussington, a product design graduate from the University of Brighton, has specifically addressed the problem of devices left on standby, with the Energy Monitor Switch:
This product concept helps reduce wasted electricity in the home caused by appliances that have inefficient standby modes by making users aware of how much energy they use. Further developments include a light switch and plug socket disabling device that will make it easier for the user to save electricity.
Details and images from the University’s 2007 design graduate directory
I’ve made the observation before on the blog that without undertstanding what being ‘on standby’ involves for many devices, a lot of users assume that because just that one red LED is lit, that’s all the power being used. Anything which can bust the myth by showing that significant power is still being used is very much worthwhile, although changing the way that standby modes operate would ultimately be preferable (I’m dubious about the moves to ban standby functions entirely, for reasons explained here).
But do these kinds of things actually work in reducing energy use?
Eric and Alex let me know about an ongoing research project by Jordan Fischer, Sarah Jones and John Kestner at the IIT Institute of Design in Chicago in which methods of making users aware of their energy use are tried out:
They wired up a house to constantly monitor energy consumption in real time to increase awareness… no one knows how users might respond unless the concepts are tried out and feedback is gathered. What my classmates found when they prototyped their system was that the housemates (who are concerned about sustainability if not acutely aware of their impact) ended up turning the system into a game. “How low can we get the number to go?” Not sure how such a game would work for long term behavior change yet, but who knows. If it’s fun, it might work.
Alex, a participant in one of the experiments, sheds some more light on the ‘game’ aspects:
One thing that I never expected was that I tried a couple of time to see not only how low we could get the number, but also how high. I am not sure either what the more long term effects of such a game might have been, but thinking back, as with these water meters, it is difficult to improve your consumption habits once the obvious sources of waste are eliminated. Or, if it is a game, are we trying to beat our own averages those of our friends or neighbors or some ideal rate? What are we to compare to, A Bill McDonough Zero Waste standard or incremental improvement?
It will be interesting to see the results of the project as it progresses – one intriguing aspect is the Watt Watchers trial [PDF link], where a network of light bulbs dims if too many are left on, and thus ‘coaches’ the user not to leave lights on unnecessarily:
All the light bulbs in a house have special collars that find each other via a mesh network and say whether they’re on or off. Then they all decide based on how many of them are on whether to dim to remind the occupant that too many things might be on.
Image from Watt Watchers summary [PDF]
Overall, there are some very interesting products and projects in this field of ‘making energy use visible’, and if it does have the potential to influence user behaviour significantly, more widespread adoption must be likely in the years ahead.
Abient lights dimming in proportion to the entire household’s current power consumption is probably a nice feedback indicator, better than a spinning wheel in a cupboard underneath the stairs.
The ambient light level adjuster could then be set (and locked) by the householder as follows:
full ambient lighting = no (other) load
medium ambient lighting = normal maximum load
‘dim/unlit’ = abnormally heavy load
This ambient lighting wouldn’t be primary lighting, which would operate as normal, but sometimes the ambient lighting would be sufficient. So you could have backup lights that would come on (as if a power cut) when the ambient light fell to very dim levels.
So if the ambient lights were quite low, you’d know that consumption was heavy. And if their brightness suddenly changed you’d get an idea as to probable cause (ah, that’s probably Sam turning on the shower).
Would people prefer not to know that someone had just turned the oven on, put the kettle on and started drying their hair? Perhaps it’s a modern luxury to pretend that electricity is too cheap to meter?
After all, in the 30s the lights did tend to dim when you turned the electric fire on…
I think it would be quite fun to get used to the idea that when the house seemed a bit dim, instead of making you think “Hmmm. I must turn a light on, or install some brighter bulbs”, it made you think “Hmmm. Perhaps I’d better turn that radio, computer, fan, light, and panel heater, off in the spare room before I go downstairs to watch telly”.
Who in the 1930s would think that brownouts would be deliberately recreated as a consumption feedback mechanism for householders in 2030?
Indeed, that’s a very interesting way to look at it.
When more houses were off-grid and had their own simple (i.e. non-regulated) petrol/paraffin-driven (dynamo) generators, there were presumably voltage drops as the load on the generator increased. When the lights went dimmer and the record player slowed down, you knew you were overloading the thing. Maybe that could be a useful way of showing people they’re using too much electricity?
Or maybe daily electric key-meters where each house is allocated a certain number of kWh per day (in return for a discount) and if by the evening you find you’re running out of your quota, you can choose to dim the lights, etc? Sounds a little ‘Soviet’, but perhaps that’s not always a bad thing.
It will be interesting to see whether low-voltage DC home ring main networks ever become common. So many devices now rely on 5V DC (TTL) or even lower/variable (CMOS) that with a little sensible standardisation we could surely do away with many, many adaptors & step-down chargers. And, perhaps, run many household devices off an array of batteries in the cupboard, recharged overnight or intelligently when network demand is lowest…
This is interesting to me in terms of the ’smart house’ concept, which fascinated me since imagined extensively in 1950s science fiction, and pictured creatively in the 1960s (and forward of course).
Here’s a link for anyone interested to a pdf publication by Christoffer Bjorkskog titled Human Computer Interaction In Smart Homes
http://www.hiit.fi/~oulasvir/58307110/smarthomes.pdf
in which he refers to a study that showed two distinct patterns of human interaction with the smart home.
Back to this post on tools for visualization of energy use, Dan, it puts me in mind of the similarities between the actual development of interactive technology in homes/buildings, and the development of endless, not yet connected or integrated tools in ‘web 2.0′.
Vera
[...] fulminate // Architectures of Control | Making energy use visible (tags: energy persuasion activism electricity usage visual object politics) [...]
[...] Very neatly linking the themes of the last two posts (devices to make users aware of their energy use, and intentionally uncomfortable seating) is the Design and Punishment chair by Ben Cunningham, a Three Dimensional Design graduate from the Arts Institute at Bournemouth. [...]
[...] July 26th, 2007 I was reading an interesting post on “Making energy use visible” (via fulminate // Architectures of Control) and was having an enjoyable time discovering new ways to visualize energy usage. Personally I think that awareness of energy usage would help out my entire family… and may lead to some great surprises as well…. [...]
[...] More hidden costs made visible — Orbs and Cords that ambiently display your energy usage and some interesting research on whether these approaches are effective. [...]
A recent device that attempts to make energy use visible:
http://springwise.com/weekly/2008-02-13.htm#wattson
[...] Dan Lockton writes about the Orb on his blog, Architectures of Control: Design with Intent: Recent design graduate Harry Ward’s Orb energy monitor is especially attractive: a toroidal inductor is clipped around the cable being measured, and transmits data wirelessly to the Orb itself, a hand-held unit which glows different colours depending on the power being drawn. The display on the Orb could show the user the direct electricity cost and CO2 emissions equivalent, as well as the actual power being used and cumulative energy (kWh) used over a period. [...]
[...] näytön, josta voisi tarkkailla sähkön ja veden kulutusta. Erilaisia mittareita on pohdittu mm. täällä. Esimerkiksi Orb Energy Monitor olisi [...]
[...] Design with Intent Making energy use visible Posted by root 6 minutes ago (http://architectures.danlockton.co.uk) This ambient lighting wouldn 39 t be primary lighting which would operate as normal it will be interesting to see whether low voltage dc home ring main networks ever become common reply to this comment a recent device that attempts to make energy use visi Discuss | Bury | News | Design with Intent Making energy use visible [...]